This passage is pretty straight forward. Verse 17-22 tells us Cain's lineage. There are a few extra details thrown into these verses. In verse 17, Cain and his wife had a son they named Enoch. Cain built a city and named it after his son. Verse 19 says that Lamech, son of Methushael, had two wives, one named Adah and the other named Zillah. Adah and Zillah each bore two children, "20Adah bore Jabal; he was the father of the nomadic herdsmen. 21His brother was named Jubal; he was the father of all who play the lyre and the flute. 22Zillah bore Tubal-cain, who made all kinds of bronze and iron tools. Tubal-cain's sister was Naamah".
In verse 23-24, Lamech told his wives that he has killed a man and a boy. He knew that Cain had murdered, and must be avenged 7 times over, therefore he says that he must be avenged seventy-seven times over.
In verse 25, Adam and Eve have a son they named Seth. Eve says that God has given her another son to replace Abel, since Cain killed him. In verse 26, Seth has his own son, whom he names Enosh.
At the end of verse 26, it says "At that time people began to call on the name of the LORD". The earth is more populated now, and these people are beginning to call on the Lord. This probably means that until this moment, people didn't call on the Lord. According the the summary of Cain's lineage, it has taken more than eight generations for these people to finally call on the Lord. This is shocking, because they must know that He created them and everything around them, and He has spoken to a few of them, yet they did not call on Him.
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